I, the Bulgarian radio amateur, swear: To be a patriot. To use or lend my station, my knowledge and my skills to help the country and society when necessary. To be a worthy citizen of my Fatherland. To love my country, to obey and observe its laws, to respect the […]

Oath of the Bulgarian Radio Amateur

The radio amateur is: Polite He will never operate the scope in such a way as to spoil the enjoyment of others. Loyal He shows loyalty, encouragement, help to other radio amateurs, to local clubs, to his radio amateur organization, which is a member of the IARU and through which […]

Radio Amateur (Ham)

As they say, “since I was little” I have been a die-hard fan of DX connections. Maybe it’s because one of my first connections with QRP (reworked “Signal” models radio control – less than a watt) was from Bulgaria (Veliko Tarnovo) with New Caledonia in 1978. I’d even say it […]

DX Windows on the Shortwave Bands

Most important Q-codes and fusion characters: AR End of transmission: indicates the end of a transmission that is not addressed to anyone in particular (for example, after the end of CQ). K Over for you: end of the current broadcast in a conversation between two or more stations KN Over […]

The most important Q-codes and fusion characters

During contests, sequences of numbers are often transmitted, for example the three digits for RST followed by a three-digit sequence number. To save time on CW, the code is often shortened to some digits (usually 1,5,8 and 0, but 5 is shortened less often – it is short and without […]

Use Abbreviated Numbers in Contests and RST Reports

In CW operation, most of the expressions during radio communication are actually codes or abbreviations of English words. Here are the most commonly used CW codes, fusion characters and abbreviations: AGN again ANT antenna AR end of transmission (merged character) AS wait a moment, hold (merged character) B4 before VK […]

Most Commonly Used CW Abbreviations

Especially when using a manual telegraph key, pay attention to the way you hold it – this significantly affects the quality of manipulation. Radio amateurs have developed their own slang indicating particular handling styles that depend on how the key is gripped. Key Grip and Manipulation Styles: nibbler cutter hitch […]

Using the Telegraph Manipulator (Morse Key)

Each transmission session ends with certain codes. Over time, they become routine, but in order not to be remembered by mistakes, it is very important to use them correctly from the beginning, since there are certain nuances. Codes transmitted at the end of a session: CODE MEANING USE AR End […]

View the Codes Transmitted at the End of a Session