Morse Code (CW): Letters, Numbers, and Procedural Signals
Morse Code (CW / Telegraphy) is the original digital mode of radio communications. It employs combinations of short signals (Dits) and long signals (Dahs) with a standard 1:3 timing ratio. Below is the complete international CW character chart.
1. Letters
| Letter | Sound Pattern (Dit / Dah) | Letter | Sound Pattern (Dit / Dah) |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | dit-DAH | N | DAH-dit |
| B | DAH-dit-dit-dit | O | DAH-DAH-DAH |
| C | DAH-dit-DAH-dit | P | dit-DAH-DAH-dit |
| D | DAH-dit-dit | Q | DAH-DAH-dit-DAH |
| E | dit | R | dit-DAH-dit |
| F | dit-dit-DAH-dit | S | dit-dit-dit |
| G | DAH-DAH-dit | T | DAH |
| H | dit-dit-dit-dit | U | dit-dit-DAH |
| I | dit-dit | V | dit-dit-dit-DAH |
| J | dit-DAH-DAH-DAH | W | dit-DAH-DAH |
| K | DAH-dit-DAH | X | DAH-dit-dit-DAH |
| L | dit-DAH-dit-dit | Y | DAH-dit-DAH-DAH |
| M | DAH-DAH | Z | DAH-DAH-dit-dit |
2. Numbers
| Digit | Sound Pattern | Digit | Sound Pattern |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dit-DAH-DAH-DAH-DAH | 6 | DAH-dit-dit-dit-dit |
| 2 | dit-dit-DAH-DAH-DAH | 7 | DAH-DAH-dit-dit-dit |
| 3 | dit-dit-dit-DAH-DAH | 8 | DAH-DAH-DAH-dit-dit |
| 4 | dit-dit-dit-dit-DAH | 9 | DAH-DAH-DAH-DAH-dit |
| 5 | dit-dit-dit-dit-dit | 0 | DAH-DAH-DAH-DAH-DAH |
3. Punctuation Marks and Procedural Signals (Prosigns)
| Character | Sound Pattern | Prosign / Symbol | Sound Pattern |
|---|---|---|---|
| Period [.] | dit-DAH-dit-DAH-dit-DAH | Colon [:] | DAH-DAH-DAH-dit-dit-dit |
| Comma [,] | DAH-DAH-dit-dit-DAH-DAH | Semicolon [;] | DAH-dit-DAH-dit-DAH-dit |
| Question [?] | dit-dit-DAH-DAH-dit-dit | Equals [=] (BT) | DAH-dit-dit-dit-DAH |
| Apostrophe [‘] | dit-DAH-DAH-DAH-DAH-dit | Hyphen [-] | DAH-dit-dit-dit-dit-DAH |
| Exclamation [!] | DAH-dit-DAH-dit-DAH-DAH | Underscore [_] | dit-dit-DAH-DAH-dit-DAH |
| Slash [/] (DN) | DAH-dit-dit-DAH-dit | Quotes [“] | dit-DAH-dit-dit-DAH-dit |
| Parenthesis [(] | DAH-dit-DAH-DAH-dit | Dollar [$] | dit-dit-dit-DAH-dit-dit-DAH |
| Parenthesis [)] | DAH-dit-DAH-DAH-dit-DAH | End of Contact [SK] | dit-dit-dit-DAH-dit-DAH |
| Ampersand [&] (AS) | dit-DAH-dit-dit-dit | Go Only [KN] | DAH-dit-DAH-DAH-dit |
| Hash [#] | DAH-dit-dit-dit-DAH | Break-In [BK] | DAH-dit-dit-dit-DAH-dit-DAH |
| At sign [@] (AC) | dit-DAH-DAH-dit-DAH-dit | End of Transmission [AR] | dit-DAH-dit-DAH-dit |
