What is APRS? APRS stands for Automatic Position Reporting System. APRS arose with attempts to use PACKET-RADIO for civilian real-time purposes. PACKET-RADIO is not a good solution for networks in which information is updated for a short time and where it is more important not to have 100% reception, but […]
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What is PACTOR? PACTOR (or now called PACTOR I) arose to cover the shortcomings of PACKET and AMTOR. It behaves very well in fading and noise environments, which is why it is mainly used on HF. It has now been superseded by the more advanced PACTOR II and PACTOR III, […]
What is PSK31? PSK31 is an error-correcting digital broadcast class designed for “keyboard-to-keyboard” communication via radio, combining the positive features of CW and RTTY. For PSK31, computer is now a required attribute. This broadcast class uses the sound card in your computer to convert your keyboarded messages into a modulated […]
What is AMTOR? AMTOR stands for “AMateur Teleprinting Over Radio”. The advantage of this mode is the additional error correction. Its commercial variant is called SITOR. Frequencies for AMTOR AMTOR activity frequencies: 80 m 3.580 – 3.600 kHz. In Japan 3.525 kHz. 40 m 7.035 – 7.043 kHz 30 m […]
General Tips So far we have discussed Telephony and CW carrier behavior in great detail, as these classes of broadcast are by far the most popular with radio amateurs. You have noticed that in general the behavior is the same for both broadcast classes, the differences being mainly in the […]
Digital modes of operation have massively entered the radio amateur hobby. The invasion of the Internet weakened the activity to some extent, but gradually it regained its appeal and new modes and gateways between the Internet and amateur radio networks emerged. CW can also be considered a digital mode of […]
Is the speed you have mastered not enough to be able to make many QSOs? To increase your receive rate, you must practice at a rate that is the limit of your ability, gradually and steadily increasing that rate (as in RUFZ, see above). Up to approximately 15 WPM you […]
Where can you find slow-transmitting CW stations (QRS)? Frequencies for QRS activity. 80 m 3.550 – 3.570 kHz 20 m 14.055 – 14.060 kHz 15 m 21.055 – 21.060 kHz 10 m 28.055 – 28.060 kHz QRS stands for: transmit slower. QRQ stands for: transmit faster. Do you have key […]
A major advantage of a CW QSO is the narrow band it uses (hundreds of Hz) when both stations in the QSO are broadcasting on exactly the same frequency. In most standard connections, both stations transmit on the same frequency (simplex). Or, to put it another way, each is on […]