{"id":956,"date":"2014-01-29T16:31:48","date_gmt":"2014-01-29T14:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/?p=956"},"modified":"2026-10-10T17:45:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T14:45:18","slug":"kak-da-si-napravim-antena-za-vsichki-efirni-tv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/en\/kak-da-si-napravim-antena-za-vsichki-efirni-tv\/","title":{"rendered":"About friends and beer or ... how to make an antenna for all over the air TV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/p>\n<h2>For Friends and Beer&#8230; How to Build an All-Band TV Antenna<\/h2>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 15px 0;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-957 size-full\" title=\"Photo 1. Finished beer can antenna\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_ant.jpg\" alt=\"Handmade beer can TV antenna LZ5UG\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_ant.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_ant-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Photo 1: General view of the completed beer can antenna without decorative fluff<\/em><\/div>\n<p>Many TV viewers encounter the issue of tuning in one channel perfectly, only to lose all the others from the exact same position.<\/p>\n<h2>1. In the Beginning, There Was Beer&#8230;<\/h2>\n<p>It started like all great projects \u2014 over drinks at the table!<\/p>\n<p>My friend Anton (<code>LZ3AI<\/code>) got an antenna schematic from some old-timers and built a version for an elderly neighbor who was hooked on soap operas after her cable was cut off.<\/p>\n<p>However, when the grandmother saw the antenna, she refused to put &#8222;ugly tin tomato cans&#8220; on her balcony, even if they worked. So I stepped in, recalculated the geometry, and spent six months testing empty beer cans. The optimal element length turned out to be <strong>exactly 9 cm<\/strong> (not 8, 10, or 13 cm!).<\/p>\n<h2>2. Postulates and Technical Concept<\/h2>\n<p>To avoid accusations of reinventing physics, I hereby state the following rules:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Nothing new under the sun since 1888\u20131900.<\/strong> Reference Hertz, Popov, and Marconi. (Granted, they didn&#8217;t fiddle with UHF&#8230;).<\/li>\n<li>I built upon theories established by engineers working within 3 km of the highway roundabout in Sofia.<\/li>\n<li>Everything written here could be explained by 1\/8 of the population <em>(according to my wife!)<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Antenna Philosophy:<\/strong> A 2 x \u03bb\/4 volumetric dipole with a resonant frequency around 620\u2013630 MHz, offering a wide bandwidth from 500 to 750 MHz. The volumetric surface of a beer can yields superior gain compared to thin wire elements.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 15px 0;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-958 size-large\" title=\"Figure 1. Antenna schematic with dimensions\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antena_5ug-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Schematic and dimensions of the beer can antenna\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antena_5ug-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antena_5ug-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antena_5ug-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antena_5ug-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/antena_5ug.jpg 1630w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Figure 1: Technical drawing with exact dimensions and geometry<\/em><\/div>\n<h2>3. Regional Field Tests and Curvature Data<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Sofia (Ovcha Kupel):<\/strong> All major TV broadcasts received crystal-clear from Kopitoto tower.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sofia (Mladost):<\/strong> In a blocked location, using a 35-meter coaxial line (75 \u03a9) to the roof, a 14-inch Funai TV from 1995 produced a flawless picture.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gorni Dabnik Village (83 km from Mt. Botev):<\/strong> Excellent reception, including a low-power 10 W transmitter behind a 2-meter terrain hump!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Table 1: Earth curvature chord elevations between two points.<\/em><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 80%; margin: 15px auto; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;\" border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 6px;\">Distance [km]<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 6px;\">Chord Height [m]<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<td>7.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>30<\/td>\n<td>17.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>40<\/td>\n<td>31.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>50<\/td>\n<td>49.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>100<\/td>\n<td>196.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>150<\/td>\n<td>442.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>200<\/td>\n<td>784.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>4. Step-by-Step Build Guide<\/h2>\n<p>Pour yourself a drink first \u2014 patience is key!<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 15px 0;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-959 size-full\" title=\"Photo 2. Empty beer cans\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_kutii.jpg\" alt=\"Preparing beer cans for antenna build\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_kutii.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_kutii-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Photo 2: Two empty beer cans ready for cutting<\/em><\/div>\n<p><strong>Required Materials:<\/strong> 2 empty aluminum beer cans, 2 M6 15mm screws with nuts\/washers, a wooden stick (15&#215;15 mm), a drill, and scissors.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Measure and mark the cans at <strong>exactly 90 mm<\/strong> height from the base. Cut carefully. Fold 0.5 cm of the top edge inward with pliers so you don&#8217;t cut your fingers while changing channels!<\/li>\n<li>Drill a 6 mm hole through the bottom of each can and tighten the screw firmly with washers.<\/li>\n<li>Drill a 5.5 mm cross-hole through the wooden stick.<\/li>\n<li>Insert the stripped center conductor and braid of the 75-ohm coaxial cable into the hole, then thread the screws from the cans directly into the wood. Secure the cable with tape.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 15px 0;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-960 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_rubove.jpg\" alt=\"Folding can edges\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_rubove.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_rubove-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-965 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_tikso.jpg\" alt=\"Securing cable to wood stick\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_tikso.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug_tikso-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Left: Folding can edges. Right: Mounting and taping coaxial cable to the wooden stick<\/em><\/div>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>Coca-Cola and Fanta cans share the same dimensions, but are <strong>not recommended<\/strong>! Nobody throws a party with soda. Men know why!<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 15px 0;\"><a href=\"mailto:stosvetoslav@gmail.com\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-961 size-full\" title=\"Svetoslav Stoyanov, LZ5UG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sv.jpg\" alt=\"Svetoslav Stoyanov LZ5UG\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<em>Svetoslav Stoyanov (LZ5UG)<\/em><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Archived Reader Comments<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Uncle Svetlo:<\/strong> Unlocked unamplified TV reception in impossible spots like Padesh and Kremenik villages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tihomir &amp; Ivan Staykov:<\/strong> Cheers for the satellite contacts and R-440-U stations! Our antenna was bigger anyway!<\/li>\n<li><strong>Petar:<\/strong> Why didn&#8217;t the Japanese align the spiral intersection points dead-center?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uncle Svetlo:<\/strong> Beats me, man!<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":957,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,18],"tags":[1649,1682,1698,262,1699,1697,1700,264,1696],"class_list":["post-956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-komunikatsii","category-radiolyubiteli","tag-lz3ai--","tag-lz5ug--","tag-1698","tag-262","tag-1699","tag-1697","tag-1700","tag-264","tag-1696","czr-hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0417\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 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