{"id":65,"date":"2023-01-31T09:14:42","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T07:14:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/?p=65"},"modified":"2026-10-09T21:14:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T18:14:34","slug":"klasifikatsiya-na-emisiite-na-izlachvane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/en\/klasifikatsiya-na-emisiite-na-izlachvane\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification of emissions (emission classes)"},"content":{"rendered":"<br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-68 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/emisii-int-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"International Classification of Radio Emissions (ITU Emission Designators) in Amateur Radio\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/emisii-int-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/emisii-int-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/emisii-int-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/emisii-int-1110x624.jpg 1110w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/emisii-int-528x297.jpg 528w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/emisii-int.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Classification of emissions (emission classes)<\/h2>\n<h3>Classification of Radio Emissions According to ITU Regulations<\/h3>\n<p>Radio emissions are categorized based on their modulation characteristics, nature of the modulating signal, type of transmitted information, and bandwidth requirements. The International Telecommunication Union (<strong>ITU<\/strong>) utilizes a standard three-character designation (with optional 4th and 5th modifiers) to define any emission precisely.<\/p>\n<h3>1. Structure of Emission Designators (Symbols 1 to 5)<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>First Symbol:<\/strong> Type of modulation of the main carrier.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Second Symbol:<\/strong> Nature of the signal modulating the main carrier.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Third Symbol:<\/strong> Type of information to be transmitted.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fourth Symbol (optional):<\/strong> Details of signals\/code structure.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fifth Symbol (optional):<\/strong> Multiplexing method used.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Symbol Breakdown:<\/h4>\n<p><strong>First Symbol (Modulation Type):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>N<\/strong> \u2014 Unmodulated carrier;<\/li>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong> \u2014 Double-sideband amplitude modulation (DSB);<\/li>\n<li><strong>H<\/strong> \u2014 Single-sideband (SSB) with full carrier;<\/li>\n<li><strong>R<\/strong> \u2014 Single-sideband (SSB) with reduced or variable carrier;<\/li>\n<li><strong>J<\/strong> \u2014 Single-sideband (SSB) with suppressed carrier;<\/li>\n<li><strong>F<\/strong> \u2014 Frequency modulation (FM);<\/li>\n<li><strong>G<\/strong> \u2014 Phase modulation (PM);<\/li>\n<li><strong>B<\/strong> \u2014 Independent sidebands (ISB);<\/li>\n<li><strong>C<\/strong> \u2014 Vestigial sideband (VSB);<\/li>\n<li><strong>W<\/strong> \u2014 Combination of amplitude, frequency, or phase modulation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Second Symbol (Nature of Modulating Signal):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0<\/strong> \u2014 No modulating signal;<\/li>\n<li><strong>1<\/strong> \u2014 Single digital\/analog channel without modulating subcarrier;<\/li>\n<li><strong>2<\/strong> \u2014 Single digital\/analog channel using a modulating subcarrier;<\/li>\n<li><strong>3<\/strong> \u2014 Single channel containing analog information;<\/li>\n<li><strong>7<\/strong> \u2014 Two or more channels containing digital information;<\/li>\n<li><strong>8<\/strong> \u2014 Two or more channels containing analog information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Third Symbol (Type of Transmitted Information):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>N<\/strong> \u2014 No transmitted information;<\/li>\n<li><strong>A<\/strong> \u2014 Aural telegraphy intended for human decoding (CW);<\/li>\n<li><strong>B<\/strong> \u2014 Automatic telegraphy (RTTY, Teleprinter);<\/li>\n<li><strong>C<\/strong> \u2014 Facsimile (FAX);<\/li>\n<li><strong>D<\/strong> \u2014 Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand;<\/li>\n<li><strong>E<\/strong> \u2014 Telephony (Voice \u2014 SSB, FM, AM);<\/li>\n<li><strong>F<\/strong> \u2014 Television \/ Video (ATV, SSTV).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. Practical Table of Amateur Radio Emission Designators<\/h3>\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 15px 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f2f2f2;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; width: 15%;\">Designator<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; width: 35%;\">Technical Description<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd; width: 50%;\">Amateur Radio Application<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>A1A<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Double-sideband AM Morse telegraphy without subcarrier<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Classic manual Morse code telegraphy (CW).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>A2A \/ A2D<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">AM telegraphy\/data using tone subcarrier<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Modulated tone telegraphy (MCW) or AM data.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>A3E<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Double-sideband AM telephony<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Standard AM voice \/ broadcasting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>J3E<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Single-sideband suppressed carrier telephony (SSB)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Primary voice mode on HF (USB \/ LSB).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>J2B \/ J2D<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">SSB using tone subcarriers for data<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">HF digital modes (FT8, RTTY, PSK31, Clover).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>F3E<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Frequency-modulated telephony (FM)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Standard VHF\/UHF voice communications (repeaters, FM).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>F1B \/ F2D<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Frequency shift keying data (FSK)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Packet Radio, APRS, RTTY, and telemetry.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>F3F \/ J3F<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Frequency\/SSB modulated video transmission<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">SSTV (Slow-Scan TV) and Fast-Scan ATV.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"background-color: #f0f7fb; padding: 12px; border-left: 4px solid #0073aa; margin: 15px 0;\"><strong>Regulatory Note:<\/strong> National telecommunications authorities (such as the CRC in Bulgaria or the FCC in the US) reference these exact ITU emission designators in amateur licensing privileges and frequency band plans.<\/div>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":68,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,20,18],"tags":[1485,602,1484,598,1486,1483,1487,1488],"class_list":["post-65","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-ham","category-komunikatsii","category-radiolyubiteli","tag-a1a-j3e-f3e","tag-ham","tag-itu-emission-designators","tag-qrs","tag-1486","tag-1483","tag---itu","tag-1488","czr-hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - 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