{"id":1000,"date":"2015-03-11T19:22:57","date_gmt":"2015-03-11T17:22:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/?p=1000"},"modified":"2026-10-10T17:09:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T14:09:59","slug":"vanshna-ili-stayna-antena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/en\/vanshna-ili-stayna-antena\/","title":{"rendered":"Outdoor or indoor antenna? Should we buy or make?"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 15px 0;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1007 size-full\" title=\"Outdoor or indoor antenna? Should we buy or make?\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug-ant-dig-tv.jpg\" alt=\"Outdoor or indoor TV antenna design by LZ5UG\" width=\"465\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug-ant-dig-tv.jpg 465w, https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/lz5ug-ant-dig-tv-300x190.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 465px) 100vw, 465px\" \/><br \/>\n<em>Outdoor vs indoor TV antenna \u2014 engineering tricks for digital DVB-T reception<\/em><\/div>\n<p>Building an antenna is a simple job that boils down to three basic tasks:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cutting metal and cables;<\/li>\n<li>Filing and metalworking;<\/li>\n<li>Tightening nuts and bolts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>(That&#8217;s pretty much how you write a book too \u2014 pressing keys in a specific sequence.)<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>1. Why Are Big Antennas Installed Outdoors and &#8222;Pull Signals Like Crazy&#8220;?<\/h2>\n<p>And why do they cost a fortune? Mostly because they are Western imports. The reasons for mounting them outside are simple:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>They feature long pieces of metal, and you can&#8217;t really stick a giant frame in your kitchen. Hence \u2014 outside.<\/li>\n<li>You try to hoist it as high as possible, because humans always want to climb higher \u2014 up Everest, Mount Botev, Cherni Vrah, or at least to the Kopitoto restaurant. Preferably by car.<\/li>\n<li>&#8222;Pulls signals like crazy&#8220; because higher elevation clears Fresnel zones much better. The signal intensity is far superior compared to being 7\u20138 meters lower.<\/li>\n<li>Many commercial antennas feature an amplifier mounted directly on the driven element. A great theoretical solution, but the amplifier is exposed to harsh weather and won&#8217;t live a very long life.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>2. Frequency Pitfalls, Feeders, and the Laws of Physics<\/h2>\n<p>Why do giant TV antenna structures look better than they actually perform across advertised widebands (channels 21\u201369)?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>If a driven element has an impedance of 75 ohms at 650 MHz, that same element drops to 35\u201340 ohms at 490 MHz and spikes to 110\u2013115 ohms at 818 MHz. The &#8222;75 ohm&#8220; label on the box is only accurate for one sweet spot in the band.<\/li>\n<li>Element spacing for directors and reflectors is frequency-dependent. Multi-element Yagis only function properly on one or two adjacent channels. For the rest, only the driven element acts as a simple dipole. High elevation remains the ultimate salvation.<\/li>\n<li>Log-periodic antennas offer wider bandwidths, but only 2 or 3 elements actually resonate on any given frequency. A perfectly tuned 3-element Yagi yields about 5\u20136 dB gain. If you choose to ignore the laws of physics, you could claim 12 to 18 dB gain. If Parliament votes to repeal physical laws, things will fall into place, but they refuse to vote!<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Multipath interference from ground obstacles (buildings, houses, or even a metal rain barrel) heavily impacts reception. Cable feeders must be calculated in exact multiples of half wavelengths (\u03bb\/2) adjusted by the velocity factor across all target frequencies.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Real-World Field Test Results<\/h2>\n<p>Using my own custom passive antennas without any amplifiers, I achieved the following results <em>(with my wife&#8217;s permission, of course!)<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Padesh Village (Blagoevgrad Region):<\/strong> Zero over-the-air reception reported locally. I set up my custom unit and unlocked all three broadcast multiplexes on the spot. Pure magic!<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kremenik Village (Dupnitsa Region):<\/strong> Overlooking Dyakovo Dam. Successfully pulled in all channels from all three multiplexes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zhivkovo Village (Ihtiman Region):<\/strong> While neighbors struggled with tall outdoor antennas and satellite contracts, my fishing guru was enjoying crystal-clear TV using my indoor passive antenna.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beli Iskar Village (Samokov Region):<\/strong> A tricky valley behind a 70-meter terrain ridge. Commercial log-periodic antennas with boosted amplifiers kept clipping. My custom indoor passive antenna solved it with zero amplification.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sofia (Auto Repair Shop):<\/strong> Inside a workshop that is a literal &#8222;Faraday Cage&#8220; (all-steel grounded frame), channel 64 (Vest TV) comes in flawlessly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If all this sounds unbelievable, read the article again. Otherwise, VHF propagation remains pure &#8222;God&#8217;s work&#8220;!<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 15px 0;\"><a href=\"mailto:stosvetoslav@gmail.com\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-984 size-full\" title=\"Svetoslav Stoyanov, LZ5UG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.galanto.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/sv.jpg\" alt=\"Svetoslav Stoyanov LZ5UG\" width=\"150\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<em>Svetoslav Stoyanov (LZ5UG)<\/em><\/div>\n<p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[1682,1687,262,1688,1684,1686,1683,264,1685],"class_list":["post-1000","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-komunikatsii","tag-lz5ug--","tag-1687","tag-262","tag-1688","tag-1684","tag---dvb-t","tag-1683","tag-264","tag-1685","czr-hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0412\u044a\u043d\u0448\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0430? 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